What type of malware is described as ransomware?

Ransomware is a specific category of malware designed to encrypt a victim's files, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the perpetrator. This form of attack exploits the victim's urgency or desperation to regain access to their data, often accompanied by threats to delete the encrypted files if payment is not made within a certain timeframe.

In the context of the available choices, the correct identification of ransomware as malware that encrypts files for ransom payment highlights its distinctive purpose and functionality compared to other types of malware. For instance, malware that steals personal data focuses on exfiltrating information without necessarily holding it hostage. Those types of malware are typically designed for data theft rather than encryption for ransom. Similarly, the option that describes malware displaying unwanted advertisements pertains to adware, which aims to generate revenue through intrusive ads rather than coercing victims for ransom. Finally, malware that replicates itself to disrupt services aligns with characteristics of worms or disruptive viruses, which do not involve encrypting files or demanding payment. Thus, the focus of ransomware was accurately captured as the type that specifically encrypts files with the intention of obtaining a ransom.