What type of cyber threat actor seeks to take advantage of system vulnerabilities?

The choice identifying the type of cyber threat actor that seeks to take advantage of system vulnerabilities is accurately identified as an adversary. An adversary in the context of cybersecurity typically refers to any individual or group that actively seeks to exploit weaknesses in a system for malicious purposes, such as unauthorized access to data, disruption of services, or financial gain.

Adversaries can operate in various capacities, including hackers, cybercriminal organizations, state-sponsored actors, and others who employ different tactics and tools to find and exploit vulnerabilities. Their primary objective is usually to compromise systems by leveraging known weaknesses, which can include software bugs, misconfigurations, or inadequate security practices.

The other options represent different concepts in cybersecurity. An insider refers to someone within an organization who might misuse their access and knowledge for malicious intent or accidental harm. An extremist typically engages in harmful actions motivated by ideological beliefs rather than exploiting vulnerabilities specifically for gain. A vigilante may act outside the law to impose their sense of justice, but they do not primarily focus on exploiting vulnerabilities in the same way adversaries do. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for recognizing the various motivations and actions of cyber threat actors.